Diet is the most important component of gastritis therapy.Based on some characteristics of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary in terms of what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, occasionally drinks alcohol, smokes and is often subject to severe stress, then he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that leads to inflammation of the gastric mucosa, due to which its integrity is impaired.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms appear, the main of which is acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, flatulence, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or completely disappears, which often leads to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach comes in different forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, a healthy diet is necessary for successful treatment.Not only do you need to change your diet, decide what you can and can't do, but also change the principles of the diet itself, arrange it with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not allowed in gastritis?
The main differences in nutrition will be determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during the diagnosis before therapy.
Increased acidity
In the case of increased acidity, which occurs most often, you must adhere to three basic principles:
- Mechanically.Defines the prohibition of fried food;in addition, coarse fibers are not allowed, such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and meat strips.
- Chemical.It states that you must avoid foods that stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid needed for the digestion process, for example, soda, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually in the range of 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, then in gastritis it causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food absorption and, accordingly, increased stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is characterized as acidic, then lean types of fish and meat, fermented dairy products, and eggs that can be served as an omelet or soft-boiled are suitable for eating.In addition, the diet may contain pelatas, boiled zucchini, potatoes and so on.
Low acidity
A diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that stimulate a greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the eating process.This must be done slowly;it is important to chew one portion of food for at least half a minute, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves secretion of hydrochloric acid by drinking slightly carbonated mineral water;you should drink 200 ml of this water every time before eating.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after finishing the meal, because snacking is not allowed in the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen lightly, based on the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruit in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages over high acidity.Small amounts of chocolate products, light soups and stews, and river fish, mushrooms, and lean meats, which include rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Dairy products are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not consume:
- Baking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy food;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Food rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of exacerbation, a compromise should be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is so inflamed.In this situation, digestion should be helped as much as possible so that it takes place very quickly.To do this, try to chop all the food as much as possible, and for cooking use only boiling or steaming.
It is important that the prepared menu is not only balanced and gentle, but also that you strictly adhere to it, eating food every day at a strictly specified time.The intervals between doses cannot be longer than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty, and the aggravation will only intensify.It cannot be transferred, because it is full of gastric stagnation.In the evening, you should eat no later than three to four hours before going to bed.
Strangely, during the period of exacerbation, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridges and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and non-concentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, because their decomposition takes place very slowly.
Menu for the week
Mon and Wed:
- Breakfast of oatmeal and compote;
- Other times you can have steamed cheesecakes for breakfast;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits with light tea;
- Dinner - side dish of pasta with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tue, Thurs, Sat:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- The second time you should have breakfast with one glass of jelly;
- You must have lunch with vegetable soups, steamed fish, mineral water from the gas;
- Afternoon snack is allowed with unsweetened light tea with white bread crackers;
- For dinner, cottage cheese casserole and compote.
Fri, Sun:
- You should have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes, covered with compote;
- During the second breakfast, eat cheesecakes with tea;
- Lunch of vegetable soup, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack – a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner should be boiled fish with porridge on the water.
Diet no.1 for gastritis
Diet no.1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, because restoring normal digestion and non-irritation of the gastric mucosa is very important in the case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the end of the exacerbation phase of the disease.Of the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, because its presence negatively affects the state of the inner surface of the stomach;in addition, salt slows down the removal of water from the body.
Diet no.1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed cannot exceed 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in the diet no.1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other hard-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should be consumed yesterday, dried, and also in the form of crackers.
In moderate quantities, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, fresh cheese, yogurt, skimmed milk.
It cannot be consumed on diet No. 1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- pickles;
- Fish and other canned food.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive when the action of the disease causes erosion of the stomach, called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when the erosion of the wall gradually leads to a temporary opening, which results in the introduction of the contents of the stomach into the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without immediate surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.Therefore, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly in order to slow down and reverse the process of ulcer formation.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The food consumed should minimally irritate the stomach wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You must constantly eat liquid, warm, pureed food.At the same time, it is necessary to reduce the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Rejection of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked with the help of heat treatment;
- The emphasis in food should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, because there are no symptoms in the early stages of the pathology.Among the rare signs of the disease, belching after fried and fatty food, which smells very unpleasant, can be noticed.In addition, the inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis are a state of general weakness, brittle legs and hair, and skin problems.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid:
- Black bakery products, bakery products;
- Smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- Canned food;
- Uncooked fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
Like other diets for gastritis, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited during the atrophic phase.To prepare food for consumption, you can cook, steam or bake
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soups based on grated vegetables;
- Various porridges on water;
- Cooked lean meat, very finely chopped;
- Derivatives of skimmed milk;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Fruits and vegetables that have been thermally processed;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to marmalade, jelly and mousse.